This concept which kept the straight wings in an age of supersonic jets was soon cancelled because it would not be able to defend itself against more nimble fighters. The large interior provided ample room for electronic equipment. Washington D.C.: U.S. Air Force History and Museum Program: 2005. The left return indicated azimuth and range, while the right return indicated altitude by referencing its position to the left return. The mission of the F3D was to search out and destroy enemy aircraft at night. The horizontal scan could be scaled down to 30 degrees to put more radar energy on the target. As was mentioned, the APQ-35 was made up of three radars: The APS-21 was a long range search and intercept radar. The F3D also dropped chaff over the radar sites. ", "Raytheon AAM-N-2,3,6/AIM-101/AIM-7/RIM-7 Sparrow. These F3Ds would fly with the bombers until they reached the target area. (Appendix 8 – APQ-35 airborne intercept interpretation.). A higher performance F3D-3 version with swept wings and J46 engines was planned, but was cancelled when the trouble-plagued J46 engine program was terminated. [20] While the Skyknight lacked the swept wings and high subsonic performance of the MiG-15, its powerful fire control system enabled it to find and shoot down other fighters at night, while most MiG-15s could only be guided by ground-based radar. Initially the F3Ds operated in a similar fashion to the F4U-5N and the F7Fs. The result was an aircraft with a wide, deep, and roomy fuselage. This site depends on your support. The Douglas Aircraft Company began work on a design built around the Westinghouse APQ-35 radar, which was actually a system made up of three radars. Sloužil u námořnictva a námořní pěchoty USA. “Round the Clock Close Air Support” Marine Corps Gazette, Sept 1954. Delve, Ken, Nightfighter, The Battle for the Night Skies, London, England: Arms & Armour Press, 1995. Tillman, Barrett, Corsair, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979.Y’Blood, William T. Down in the Weeds, Close Air Support in Korea. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. The Navy’s contemporary and planned propeller-driven fighters would be unable to intercept these extremely fast aircraft, especially at night. O’Rourke, G.G. "Ding" Fessler downed a MiG-15 northwest of Pyongyang. Lachow, Marty, F7F-3N and F3D Radar Operator. The aircraft became known as the F3D Skyknight. The aircraft’s performance was less than ideal, but it was purposely built to be a night airborne interceptor. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990. The “target” cap would set up between the target and the threat sector. While the F3D had exceptional radar capabilities for its time, it was still dependant on GCI radar. The Douglas F3D Skyknight (later designated F-10 Skyknight) is an American twin-engined, mid-wing jet fighter aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company in El Segundo, California. Dahlberg, Robert, F4U-5N and F7F-3N pilot. APG-26 [gun aiming radar] would not lock [and] visual sighting [was] made of single-engine jet-type aircraft identified as Yak-15 at 0110. In response, the Navy put out a tender for a jet night-fighter that was to be equipped with an airborne intercept radar that could detect enemy aircraft out to 125 miles, an astonishingly demanding distance considering the then state-of-the-art. With help form the GCI controller, the F3D crew would manoeuvre the fighter to get behind the enemy contact at a desired range of about a mile and a half.Once the aircraft closed to within 4,000 yards and the target is between 60 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically from the nose and the range ring is over the target, a Gun Aim circle appeared on the C scope display. But there isn’t anything labeled as a lighter. The Douglas Skyknight was a dedicated carrier-based night fighter serving with the United States Navy (USN) and Marine Corps (USMC) from 1951 to 1970. Two F3Ds would normally comprise the escort. If an F3D was experiencing radar problems, the target cap aircrew might direct an airborne spare to take its place. Like the Corsair in World War II and the Tigercat after the war, the Marine Corps came into possession of the Skyknight because of the type’s inability to operate from aircraft carriers. Interview with author 20 May 2008. Title: Douglas F3D Skyknight The F3D Skyknight was an example of the early jet aircraft produced just after WW2. The APG-26 was a short-range gun aiming radar that could be used out to 4,000 yards. Williams, Lynn, F4U-5N and F7F-3N pilot. The F3D (under the designations F3D-1M and F3D-2M) was used to support development of a number of air-to-air missile systems during the 1950s, including the Sparrow I, II, and III and Meteor missiles. The APS-21 had two dedicated radar displays dedicated to it. Typically for those days the engines were under-powered and the radar equipment was extremely heavy. If enough aircraft were available, a couple of F3Ds would launch as airborne spares, in case a primary aircraft had a maintenance problem. If unneeded, the spares would often set up a CAP to intercept communist night bombers. In the end, the U.S. Navy did not have the expertise to operate the radar, fix the radar, and operate the large Skyknight around the carrier at night, so they gave most of the F3Ds to the Marine Corps. El Douglas F3D Skyknight (designado posteriormente como F-10 Skyknight) fue un avión de combate estadounidense, bimotor de ala media, construido por la Douglas Aircraft Company en El Segundo, California.El F3D fue diseñado como un avión todo tiempo basado en portaaviones y que sirvió en la Armada y el Cuerpo de Marines en los Estados Unidos. [28] The U.S. Navy's EKA-3 Skywarrior and the USAF's Douglas RB-66 Destroyer also took on EW missions. It had a range out to four nautical miles and its operation was almost entirely autonomous. Now the RO would begin to direct the pilot by directive then descriptive inter-cockpit communications. Three explosions in all were observed and plane smoke heavily as it went down. The ends of the two cap positions were usually separated by 10 miles. ( Log Out /  Chiếc Douglas F3D Skyknight, (sau đổi tên thành F-10 Skyknight) là một kiểu máy bay tiêm kích phản lực hai động cơ cánh gắn giữa do Douglas Aircraft Company sản xuất tại El Segundo, California, và là một máy bay tiêm kích hoạt động trên tàu sân bay trong mọi … From the intercept, the night fighters join up with the bomber formations. If you’ve enjoyed an article donate here. Email interview with author 29 May 2008. The engines were also canted down, away from the aircraft, which further reduced the effective thrust of the engines. These caps would form a barrier between the bomber formation and the MiG bases located in China. Once the range ring was over the target, accurate range was also displayed. Its career was not over though; its stability and spacious fuselage made it easily adaptable to other roles. Usually four other F3Ds would set up a barrier CAP on the south side of the Yalu River. If you’ve enjoyed an article donate here. F3D ROs stated that the normal detection range for a fighter-sized target was around 18nm. ho appena modificato 2 collegamento/i esterno/i sulla pagina Douglas F3D Skyknight. The U.S. Navy continued to use the F-10s for avionics systems testing. The pilot would fly the target to the centre of the cross hairs and, when in range, could fire accurately without visually sighting the enemy aircraft. This radar had four functions: to search for airborne targets; to compute a gun solution for the 20mm cannon; to provide beacon interrogation and display beacon replies; and to provide a tail warning capability. [12] By the end of the war, Skyknights had claimed six enemy aircraft (one Polikarpov Po-2, one Yakovlev Yak-15 and four MiG-15s). White, J.G., “Cherry Point Corps’ AIO Training Center”, Cherry Point Windsock, July, 3, 1953. First burst hit port wing of bands, second fuselage, third entered tailpipe, exploding therein. The F3D would have been easy pickings for the MiG in the day time, but with its advanced radar, the aircrew felt the Skyknight was more than a match for the MiG-15 at night. Thompson, Wayne. Packwood, Norval E. “Night Strike”, Marine Corps Gazette, May 1952. Over 99.8% of our readers ignore our funding appeals. It was designed as a carrier-based radar-equipped night fighter. The target displayed on the scope was not a raw radar return, but a predicted target that was produced by the APG-26 ballistics computer. F3D byl navržen jako palubní stíhací letoun do každého počasí. These aircraft were operated by the Raytheon Corporation at Holloman AFB where they were used testing at the White Sands Missile Range into the 1980s; they were the last flyable Skyknights. And Watson Jr, George M., Coalition Air Warfare in the Koran War,1950-1953. The number of USMC Skyknights in Korea was doubled in January 1953 to 24 which allowed them to effectively escort B-29 Superfortresses on night bombing missions. The APG-26 scope was round with vertical and horizontal cross hairs. The AN/APQ-35 was advanced for the time, a combination of three different radars, each performing separate functions: an AN/APS-21 search radar, an AN/APG-26 tracking radar, both located in the nose, and an AN/APS-28 tail warning radar. Three prototypes were then taken to Muroc Air Force Base (later renamed Edwards Air Force Base) for service trials. Email interview with author 31 May 2008. Condon, John P., Corsairs to Panthers, U.S. Marine Aviation in Korea, Washington D.C.: U.S. Marine Corps Historical Center, 2002. The B-29s were restricted from flying in the day time because the MiGs had exacted a heavy toll on the bombers during daylight raids. Unidentified at same altitude, heading approximately 330 degrees, speed 320 knots. Condon, John, P., U.S. Marine Corps Aviation, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Officer, 1986. With these two design necessities in place, Douglas engineers designed a twin- engine aircraft with side-by-side seating. The APS-21 had an elevation scan ability of -30 degrees below the horizon to +60 degrees above the horizon. O’Sullivan, Kalani., “VMF(N)-513 “Flying Nightmares”(1951-1954)” How it Was!Kunsan Airbase. The mission of the F3D was to search out and destroy enemy aircraft at night. The U.S. Air Force’s night fighter, the F-94B was thought to be too valuable to fall into enemy hands and was restricted to South Korea. Instead of ejection seats, an escape tunnel was used, similar to the type used in the Douglas A-3 Skywarrior. The APS-21 radar was the primary search and intercept radar. Hallion, Richard, P., The Naval Air War in Korea, United States: The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America, Inc., 1986. With the target on the APG-26 scope, the pilot flew the target to the centre of the scope crosshairs. The scope was an ‘H’ scope design that displayed two returns. Stokesbury, James L. A short history of the Korean War, New York, NY: Morrow and Company, 1988. The US Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) also issued a contract to Grumman for two G-75 (BuAer designation XF9F-1) experimental aircraft on 11 April 1946 in case the Skyknight ran into problems. Davis and Warrant Officer D.F. Douglas F3D (F-10) Skyknight 1948: CARRIER-BORNE FIGHTER: Virtual Aircraft Museum / USA / Douglas : A US Navy requirement for a turbojet-powered carrier-based night fighter resulted in Douglas receiving a contract for three prototype aircraft in this category under the designation Douglas XF3D-1. [29] The EF-10B Skyknight continued to fly lower–threat EW missions until they were withdrawn from South Vietnam in October 1969. Guarda le traduzioni di ‘Douglas F3D Skyknight’ in Inglese. Douglas F3D Skyknight, (od roku 1962 značený jako F-10 Skyknight) byl americký dvoumotorový stíhací letoun vyráběný společností Douglas Aircraft Company v El Segundo, Kalifornie. The F3Ds quickly scored kills on the Communist fighters. The new tactics enabled the RO to work the radar and run an intercept away from the bombers. The high cap could expect to experience the most action, as friendly GCI had trouble seeing the MiGs below 15,000 feet across the Chinese border. [15] The first air-to-air victory occurred on the night of 2 November 1952 in a USMC F3D-2 piloted by Major William T. Stratton, Jr., and his radar operator, Master Sergeant Hans C. Hoglind of VMF(N)-513 Flying Nightmares,[16] Major Stratton shot down what he believed was a Yakovlev Yak-15 (even though no Yak-15s were reported in Korea)[5] which was the first successful night radar interception by a jet of a jet. The Douglas F3D Skyknight (later designated F-10 Skyknight) was a United States twin-engined, mid-wing jet fighter aircraft manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company in El Segundo, California. Love aviation? [31], Data from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I,[43] Standard Aircraft Characteristics : F3D-2 Skyknight[44], Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era, "Sky Knight" redirects here. Yet another TF-10B was modified with the nose from an A-4 Skyhawk. VMF(N)-513 continued to operate as a composite night fighter squadron with the F3Ds operating along side the night Corsairs and Tigercats. Recommended donation amount £13. The unusual, portly profile earned it the nickname "Willie the Whale". Over 99.8% of our readers ignore our funding appeals. Washington D.C.: Office of Air Force History: 1996. He might also move fighters into new positions in light of enemy movements. Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983. The Douglas F3D Skyknight. The F-10 was used as a radar testbed to develop the APQ-72 radar. The F3D was designed as a carrier-based all-weather night fighter and saw service with the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. (Appendix 9 – F3D escort of B-29 formation.). Coordination would start at the brief were on station times, frequencies, headings to and from the target, and the likely threat was briefed. As a night fighter that was not expected to be as fast as smaller daylight fighters, the expectation was to have a stable platform for its radar system and the four 20 mm cannon mounted in the lower fuselage. [26][27] The supersonic General Dynamics-Grumman F-111B was subsequently developed to carry long-range missiles, only to be cancelled due to excessive weight and changing tactical requirements; the Grumman F-14 Tomcat would later enter service in this role. The F3D-1 was equipped with two Westinghouse J-34 engines that each produced 3,400 pounds of thrust for a combined total of 6,800. The Electronic Warfare (EW) Skyknight was a valuable Electronic countermeasure (ECM) asset to jam the SA-2 surface-to-air missiles (SAM) tracking and guidance systems. Inside of 2,000 meters, a range dial started to count down and the pilot could open fire inside 1,000 meters, with inside 500 meters being considered an effective range. It originated in 1945 with a US Navy requirement for a jet-powered, radar-equipped, carrier-based night fighter. 19 relazioni. Search and InterceptThe RO would use the APS-21 to search in front of the aircraft. Marietta, Georgia: Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company, 1988. The first purpose-designed and built jet-powered night fighter, the Skyknight was successful in that role during the Korean War, achieving a … The F3D was designed as a carrier-based all-weather night fighter and saw service with the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The RO would select the shortest range scale that would still have the target on the PPI. Grossnick, Roy A. and William J. Armstrong. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. [16] One aircraft was lost to enemy fire, which was piloted by LTJG Bob Bick and his crewman, Chief Petty Officer Linton Smith, on 2 July 1953. The aircraft had combat radius of 500 nautical miles and with drop tanks added it had a radius of 590 nautical miles. Bureau of Aeronautics, Pilot’s Handbook for Navy Model F7F-1N, F7F-2N, F7F-3, F7F-3N, F7F-4N Airplanes, Washington D.C.: 1947. The APQ-35 had capabilities far exceeding other radars of the time, but it was nightmarishly laborious to use effectively. Closed to 2,100 feet. It originated in 1945 with a U.S. Navy requirement for a jet-powered, radar-equipped, carrier-based night fighter. Braitsch, Fred G. “Night Intruder” Leatherneck, Dec 1951. The F3D-2 was intended to have Westinghouse J46 engines in enlarged nacelles to replace the J34-WE-32 engines of the F3D-1, but because of development problems with the J46, the F3D-2 was initially fitted with J34-WE-36 engines instead. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. For the Lakewood, California law enforcement program, see. Once they were done with their training, the aircrew, along with their F3Ds, were transferred to VMF(N)-513 located at Kunsan Airbase in Korea. The F3D-1 was equipped with two Westinghouse J-34 engines that each produced 3,400 pounds of thrust for a combined total of 6,800.

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